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The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492, 30th Anniversary Edition, by Alfred W. Crosby Jr.
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Thirty years ago, Alfred Crosby published a small work that illuminated a simple point, that the most important changes brought on by the voyages of Columbus were not social or political, but biological in nature. The book told the story of how 1492 sparked the movement of organisms, both large and small, in both directions across the Atlantic. This Columbian exchange, between the Old World and the New, changed the history of our planet drastically and forever.
The book The Columbian Exchange changed the field of history drastically and forever as well. It has become one of the foundational works in the burgeoning field of environmental history, and it remains one of the canonical texts for the study of world history. This 30th anniversary edition of The Columbian Exchange includes a new preface from the author, reflecting on the book and its creation, and a new foreword by J. R. McNeill that demonstrates how Crosby established a brand new perspective for understanding ecological and social events. As the foreword indicates, The Columbian Exchange remains a vital book, a small work that contains within the inspiration for future examinations into what happens when two peoples, separated by time and space, finally meet.
- Sales Rank: #63742 in Books
- Published on: 2003-04-30
- Released on: 2003-04-30
- Format: Deluxe Edition
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.75" h x .71" w x 5.75" l, .90 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 320 pages
Review
Crosby put ecological history on the map. His pioneering text has awakened, inspired, and challenged a generation of readers. It will, undoubtedly, become more relevant as the pace of global exchange increases. - The Sixteenth Century Journal
The Columbian Exchange is a seminal, educational, and uniquely insightful contribution to Native American, Medical History, and World History Studies reference collections and reading lists. - Library Bookwatch
About the Author
Alfred W. Crosby, Jr. is professor emeritus of American studies, history, and geography at the University of Texas, Austin. He is the author of Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900–1900 (1986), America's Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918 (1989), The Measure of Reality: Quantification and Western Society, 1250–1600 (1997), and most recently Throwing Fire: Projectile Technology through History (2002).
Most helpful customer reviews
15 of 16 people found the following review helpful.
very important book
By M
Slim though it is, this is a powerful little book. This insightful study of the biological consequences of the great culture clash that began in 1492 changed the way I think about history and has proved to be a valuable reference. It is a must-read for anyone interested in anthropology, epidemiology, ecology or history.
29 of 31 people found the following review helpful.
when originally published, this analysis of consequences of biological exchange spawned volumes of further research
By Jeffrey L. Blackwell
Although only a large essay, Columbian Exchange was a paradigm shift in how Western historians view biological exchanges between Old & New World after 1492. Besides the exchange in human (mostly African) slaves which was the intended 1st leg of a nefarious Triangular Trade cycle between Old & New Worlds, Crosby also examines the unintended consequences of food crops, pathogens, domesticated animals, and commodity crops (rubber, cotton, etc.)
It concerns not only the cash crops (tobacco, sugar,coffee, rubber, cotton).
It also suggests the effect of pigs & horses which readily adapted to the New World. Horses transformed many Amerindian cultures into horse-centered cultures.
Many Old World plants & animals transformed the Americas(and Africa). Unintended 'hitchhikers' like smallpox & flu had the effect of a genocidal pandemic upon native Amerindian tribes.
New World species, especially potato, once they gained acceptance in Europe, became a staple of the poor, (Ireland & Russia).
Not emphasized by Crosby, many exotic New World specimens were returned to the Old World by natural scientists and the idea of natural selection was devised based upon evidence & specimens gathered in New World by European naturalists (i.e., Darwin's studies of finches of Galapagos)
These are a few of the effects of the Columbian Exchange. Crosby's work changed the way that historians and scientists understand the Age of Discovery.
I read this book 'after the fact', having become familiar with the exchanges by secondary, later sources. I am surprised that more scholarship hasn't pursued the effect of Dutch exchanges in Indonesia, British exchanges in India, etc which I would expect to have been as transformative as the Old World / Americas exchanges.
Note: This summary of important exchange species gives a sense of scale of exchanges (wikipedia)
Old World to New World
Domesticated animals
bee
cat
camel
CHICKEN
COW
goat
goose
honey bees
HORSE
rabbit (domestic)
PIG
rock pigeon
sheep
silkworm
water buffalo
New to Old
alpaca
guinea pig
llama
TURKEY
Domesticated plants Old to New
almond
APPLE
apricot
artichoke
asparagus
banana
barley
beet
black pepper
cabbage
cantaloupe
carrot
COFFEE
CITRUS (orange, lemon, etc.)
cucumber
eggplant
flax
garlic
hemp
kiwifruit
kola nut
lettuce
mango
millet
oat
okra
olive
ONION
OPIUM
peach
pea
pear
pistachio
radish
rhubarb
RICE
rye
soybean
SUGARCANE
taro
TEA
turnip
WHEAT
walnut (English)
watermelon
New to Old plants /crops
amaranth (as grain)
avocado
common beans (pinto, lima, kidney, etc.)
black raspberry
bell pepper
blueberry
cashew
chia
chicle
chirimoya
chili peppers
cranberries (large cranberry, or bearberry species)
coca
COCOA
COTTON(long staple species)
CORN
guava (common)
huckleberry
jicama
maize (corn)
manioc (cassava, tapioca, yuca)
marijuana
papaya
peanut
pecan
pineapple
POTATO
pumpkin
quinoa
RUBBER
squash
strawberry (commercial varieties)
sunflower
sweet potato
TOBACCO
tomato
vanilla
zucchini
Infectious diseases Old to New
bubonic plague
chicken pox
CHOLERA
FLUs
leprosy
MALARIA
measles
scarlet fever
SMALLPOX
typhoid
typhus
YELLOW FEVER
yaws
New to Old pathogens
SYPHILLIS
yaws
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Spectacularly written and a perspective changer. I had to ...
By leebo
Spectacularly written and a perspective changer. I had to read this book in graduate in a seminar entitled "Environmental History of Latin America." It obliterated many of the previous notions I had concerning the method in which the Spanish conquered the Americas. Crosby brute-fully and ingeniously asserts that the conquerors from the old world, accompanied by their weapons, animals, ideals, and most importantly (with their most devastating cohort) disease, that their landing on the shores of the New World were akin to an asteroid slamming into it and catastrophically modifying it for the rest of human history. Whoa.
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